Eddy's key psychological and social statistics: Part II

Eddy Elmer

Please note: This information is just for study purposes. The data and figures in here are not meant to be quoted. This is a continual work in progress, so many sections are only partially complete.

% people with bipolar disorder who seek help: 50%

% inmates with some sort of mental illness, including antisocial personality disorder and/or drug addiction: (~90%; cf. Ogloff)

% people depressed people in treatment who are receiving drug therapy: ~80%

% depressed patients who don't find adequate relief from anti-depressants: ~60% (?)

% depressed people on antidepressants alone who experience relapse when they stop taking the drug: ~60-70%

% depressed people in psychotherapy alone who relapse when therapy ends: ____?

a risk factor for post-partum psychosis: history of hypomania or mania, people with unusually high amounts of energy

amount of time people with bipolar disorder spend in the depressive phase vs. the manic phase: 3x (and they take longer to recover from this phase than from the manic phase)

% people with bipolar disorder who will attempt suicide at least once: 25% (35x higher suicide risk in depressive episode than in manic)

% people with bipolar disorder who will succeed at suicide: 20% (suicide rate for those with bipolar 3x higher than for general population)

% population schizophrenic: ~1%

who experiences more work stress, men or women? about equal

who feels more emotional strain from family + relationship problems? men or women?

most costly mental illness in terms of health-related costs: depression

% people with ADHD: ~5%

%  ADHD sufferers who outgrow condition: ~30% (but of these, most still have some residual symptoms)

%  kids in whom ADHD can be managed: ~60%

% ADHD sufferers for whom meds are effective: <50%

2nd most common neurodegenerative disease affecting older people: Parkinson's

#1 cancer: lung; followed by colon

who gets more psychological benefit from exercise: men

regular ravers who've tried Ecstacy (UK): 90%

depressed CBT patients showing relapse after therapy: ~25%

% depressed people finding big relief or remission after CBT and drugs combined: 85%; only about 50% success for those on drugs or therapy alone

% UK youth having tried Ecstacy: 10%

women do 7x more housework than men

cents on the dollar women still earn compared with men: 73cents

age group coping best with stress: older adults

#1 killer disease in Canada: heart disease

concordance rate for schizophrenia in i.d. twins: ~50%

concordance rate for schizophrenia in fraternal twins: ~15%

most common diagnosis among patients in psychiatric hospitals: schizophrenia (40-50% of all patients)

decease in mental hospital patients following deinstitutionalisation: 80%

in 1950, proportion of all hospital patients admitted for a psychiatric reason: ~50%

risk of developing tardive dyskinesia due to long-term treatment with antipsychotics: 15-20%

# annual prescriptions for Prozac: 20 million

violent suicidal ideation amongst depressed patients: 3-15% of patients

OCD prevalence: 2-4%

lifetime prevalence for a major depressive episode: 5%

% psychologists who don't report suspected child abuse/maltreatment: ____?

% teachers who don't report suspected child abuse/maltreatment: ____?

when benzodiazepines first introduced: 1960's

when barbs first came onto market: 1903

% nightly sleep devoted to REM: 20%

peak of barbiturate abuse: 1950s & 1960s

death rate from abrupt withdrawal from barbiturates: ~5%

1st anxiolytic: meprobomate (Miltown)

lifetime prevalence for anxiety disorders: ~10-16%

1st benzodiazepines developed: chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 1960; diazepam (Valium) 1963

Prozac introduced: 1988; then Zoloft, then Paxil

% people with anxiety disorder for whom Valium effective: 70-80%

most frequently prescribed drug in 1972: Valium

buspirone (Buspar) introduced: 1986

year nitrous oxide synthesised: 1798

when nitrous oxide appeared as a recreational drug: 1960s

ether introduced: ~1700

% 8th graders reporting inhalant use:

• lifetime: 18%
• past year: 9%
• past month: 5%

start of popper craze: 1974

peak use poppers: late 1970s

high school students reporting popper use sometime during their lives: <1%

when marijuana become illegal: 1970

most complete opiate antagonist: naloxone (Narcan)

discovery for morphine: 1803

average # years from discovering a new, potentially useful medicine, to approval: ~10 years

average full cost to develop that drug: ~$1.3 billion (cf. Pfizer)

average Health Canada approval process for regular drugs: ~1 1/2 years

average Health Canada approval process for priority (life-saving) drugs: ~6 months

average consumer savings on generic version of patent-expired brand drug: ~50%

patent length for new drugs in Canada: 20 years

wealthiest industry in Canada in term of both assets and profits: pharmaceuticals

% new drugs developed by private pharmaceutical companies: 90%

% new drugs developed by non-private entities (eg, government and universities): 10%; eg. Lariam (anti-malaria drug developed by U.S. Army; potentially psychotic-inducing in some patients)

#1 medical killer in Canada: CVD (especially coronary artery disease, such as atherosclerosis)

% teen suicides related to drugs: ~50%

most common psychiatric disorders in North America: anxiety disorders; 10-16% lifetime prevalence

rank of suicide as a leading cause of death: 11th; for teenagers #3

% of any school population gifted: ~5%

which has higher levers of substance abuse? inner-city teens or affluent suburban teens? affluent suburban teens

women almost twice as likely as men to suffer anxiety disorders and depression

men twice as likely as women to suffer substance abuse

% new drugs which are simply modifications of existing ones: ~65% (eg, Lexapro, which is better-acting form of Celexa)

percentage gay men reporting any instances of nonmonogamy since beginning of their relationship: ~75; husbands, wives, male cohabitors, female cohabitors, and lesbians=all roughly equal at about 25-30% (cf Blumstein & Schwartz 1983)

girls raised in fatherless homes experience puberty: earlier than girls raised in homes with dads (cf. Matt Ridley, What makes you who you are, Time, Canadian edition, June 2, 2003, p. 36)

gay men more likely to have older brothers than are either gay women or hetero men (cf. Matt Ridley, What makes you who you are, Time, Canadian edition, June 2, 2003, p. 37)

if fraternal twin divorces, chance the other twin will divorce: 30% (cf. Matt. Ridley, What makes you who you are, Time, Canadian edition, June 2, 2003, p. 38)

if identical twin divorces, chance the other twin will divorce: 45% (cf. Matt Ridley, What makes you who you are, Time, Canadian edition, June 2, 2003, p. 38)

biological children of criminal parents are more/less likely than their adopted kids to commit crimes? more; suggests that genes may predispose some people to respond to a certain way to a crimogenic environment (cf. M. Ridley, What makes you who you are, Time, Canadian edition, June 2, 2003, p. 39)

% men with erectile dysfunction who are treated: ~10%

how long it takes Viagra to kick in: ~1 hour; 30-45 minutes for Vardenafil; 45-75 minutes for tadalafil (Cialis)

how long Viagra lasts: 4 hours; 5 hours for Vardenafil; up to 36 hours for Cialis (aka "the weekend pill" in Europe)

% men with ED who find Viagra effective: ~80%; if they have more than 2 risk factors, only 50% effective rate

% population for whom reading comings easily (ie, whether or not they are formally taught): 25%; most others require some degree of formal instruction

political support in U.S.: 20% left, 40% moderate, 40% conservative; media tends to support left, which gives it a 50% voice in politics and public discourse

major source of Americans' daily sugar consumption: 60% from high-calorie corn sweeteners found in sodas and fruit drinks; can sweeteners pack far more calories than regular table syrup

age at which male's testosterone starts to decline: 40; 1% decrease per year after 40; can lead to andropause

normal morning testosterone levels for men: 300

normal length of infatuation period: 3 years

% women with PMDD: 3-9%; most severe PMDD: 3-5%; more women experience mild-moderate premenstrual symptoms

% PMDD women who respond to SSRIs: 60%

when bullying most likely to occur: between 6th and 8th grades

bully/victim group that experiences the most depression: aggressive victim

7th largest worldwide market for pharmaceutical sales: Canada

% BC high school students going on to university: 20% (1 in 5)

when a child can understand the persuasive intent of a commercial: 7-8 years (65% of all first-graders trust commercials)

% of our thoughts that are unconscious: ~90-95%

% Canadians overweight: 50%; 15% outright obese

U.S. high school graduation rates:

1. total: 74%
2. whites: 78%
3. African-Americans: 56%
4. Latinos: 54%

See Eddy's Key Psychological and Social Statistics: Part I, Part III