The Fourth Estate: Editorial slants in major newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media

Second revision (note: this document is old and requires further revision)

Welcome to the fruits of my hours of labour and research: a crude, overly-simplified chart reflecting newspapers', magazines', and broadcasters' editorial positions (using the left-right spectrum). Note that these positions are relative to one another. For instance, the Vancouver Sun is listed as "right" in this chart; however, it is not a truly right-wing paper because its owner, the Asper family's CanWest Global Communications, is currently supportive of the Liberal government in Canada. Yet when compared with other papers like the Globe and Mail, it is more conservative (as is the neoconservative provincial government the paper also currently supports). Similarly, the Toronto Sun and other Sun Media (Quebecor) newspapers are listed as "right" when they are actually "center-right"; however, compared with papers the Globe and Mail, these papers are more conservative. As another example, the major TV news networks such as ABC News, CBS News, and NBC News are listed as center-left because, compared with such outlets as Fox News, they are more liberal; however, I doubt most of the networks are center-left in the truest sense because most of them are owned by corporations (eg, General Electric) who have their own conservative, pro-business agendas—and who count the government as some of their subsidiaries' major customers. In other words, media outlets which have traditionally considered themselves liberal from an editorial point of view are, within the confines of the corporate world, no more than moderately conservative; see commentaries after the chart below). Some companies and owners, however, own several media outlets which differ from one another editorially (eg, Hearst, Gannett, and Mortimer Zuckerman); such owners are less interested in expressing their own political views than they are with catering to their different market audiences (in other words, they will gladly become turncoats if it favours their profits). Note that this chart is a work-in-progress, especially considering the highly subjective nature of these classifications. If you have any suggestions or corrections, I would be most appreciative if you could send me a message. If you want to take a look at the front page of any of 352 newspapers from around the world, visit http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/.

MORE LEFTIST (BY COMPARISON TO CENTER-LEFTIST),
LEFTIST, MARXIST, COMMUNIST, and NEW LEFTIST
CENTER-LEFTIST, SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC, SOCIALIST,
LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC, or NEW LIBERAL / SOCIAL LIBERAL
MODERATE, CENTRIST, INDEPENDENT, RADICAL MIDDLE,
or NON-ALIGNED
CENTER-RIGHT / LIBERAL CONSERVATIVE, LIBERTARIAN,
NEO-LIBERAL, NEOCONSERVATIVE,
and NEW RIGHT
MORE RIGHT
(BY COMPARISON TO CENTER-RIGHT),
TRADITIONAL RIGHT,
AND OLD RIGHT
Atlanta Journal-Constitution

Boston Review (authors such as Joseph Brodsky and Noam Chomsky)

CityTV (Moses Znaimer's local Toronto and Vancouver TV stations; Colin Vaughan reporter)

Cleveland Plain Dealer

Le Devoir (very influential; most respected intellectual paper in Quebec; more serious than La Presse; Le Devoir is to La Presse as the Globe and Mail is to the Toronto Star; separatist; more local in coverage than other Quebec papers, with most of its international news coming from news agencies)

Barbara Ehrenreich (regular columnist with Time from 1991-1997; currently regular columnist with The Progressive)

Frankfurter Rundschau (aka "FR"; one of the 3 large German daily newspapers; out of Frankfurt; layout more modern than Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung [FAZ])

Freitag (weekly leftist magazine from Berlin)

L'Humanité (daily newspaper of the French Communist Party)

The Independent (published in tabloid format, but still considered broadsheet quality—and the youngest of them too; challenges The Guardian for liberal readership; most left-wing of the British broadsheets; along with The Guardian, is the more intellectual of the British dailies; but some say it's not always easy to categorize this paper as left or right, because it's critical of both parties in Britain; ran some of the first stories connecting Gulf War syndrome to allies' use of depleted uranium)

In These Times (independent socialist magazine with investigative reporting and coverage of stories mainstream media often overlook)

Kansas City Star

Minneapolis Star Tribune (also known as "Pravda West", the "Strib", and "Red Star Tribune" by some)

Monthly Review (monthly socialist "magazine of record" in US)

The Morning Star (British Marxist daily newspaper)

Mother Jones (somewhere between The Nation and The New Republic; the leading muckracking liberal magazine; labor-oriented)

Ms. Magazine (feminist; Gloria Steinem founder)

The Nation (oldest weekly newsmagazine in US)

The New Left Review (magazine born of the upheavals of the late 60s: New Left movement)

New York Review of Books ("[H]as established itself, in Esquire's words, as 'the premier literary-intellectual magazine in the English language.' ... The New Statesman hailed its founding as 'of more cultural import than the opening of Lincoln Center,' and the great English art historian Kenneth Clark observed, 'I have never known such a high standard of reviewing.' The unprecedented and enthusiastic response was indicative of how badly America needed a literary and critical journal based on the assumption that the discussion of important books was itself an indispensable literary activity.")

The New York Times (generally considered the most left-wing of the major US papers; main rival of Washington Post)

New York Times Magazine

The New Yorker (one of the most liberal magazines in the US)

Palm Beach Post

The Phil Donahue Show (first American TV talk show, 1969-1996)

Pravda (print version of the Russian newspaper; the web-based version, Pravda Online, often takes a Nationalist—if not jingoistic—approach; literally, "the truth")

The Progressive

Progressive Review

San Francisco Chronicle (even though owned by Hearst, still quite liberal in order to appeal to its market audience; more liberal than San Jose Mercury News)

San Francisco Examiner (free daily tabloid newspaper published M-F; current owner Philip Anschutz; used to be part of San Francisco Chronicle, and owned by William Randolph Hearst)

Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Hearst)

Seattle Weekly (owned by The Village Voice)

60 Minutes (CBS News; Don Hewitt, Mike Wallace)

Der Spiegel ("the mirror"; along with Focus, is Germany's biggest and most respected newsmagazine; probably has highest circulation of any magazine in Europe; out of Hamburg—Germany's media capital; owned by Spiegel-Verlag; most in-depth German magazine for political analysis and investigative journalism; founded 1946 as Diese Woche—"this week"—by Rudolf Augstein; imitates Time and Newsweek; in 1993, Focus was founded and since then the two have been competing; even though Focus has smaller circulation and is criticised for being the "McDonald's" of German journalism, it forced Der Spiegel to add more color and graphics and shorten notoriously wordy articles)

Sovetskaya Rossiya (Russian pro-Communist daily newspaper)

St. Petersburg Times (Florida; sometimes called "The St. Petersburg Pravda Times")

Die tageszeitung (Berlin; sophisticated Green/alternative newspaper for the intellectual left audience, especially Gen X; aka "Taz"; founded 25 years ago as alternative to  mainstream press; since 1992, owned by a collective with more than 5,000 paying members)

Tikkun (liberal newsmagazine of Jewish thought; provides strong psychoanalytic analysis too)

The Toronto Star (Canada's most read English language daily newspaper; describes itself as a "paper for the people"; although its focus is somewhat local (GTE), it still appeals to Canadians country-wide; in terms of quality, it rivals the Globe and Mail, which, along with National Post, bills itself as Canada's national newspaper; owner Torstar also owns The Hamilton Spectator)

UTNE Reader (like a leftist Reader's Digest)

 

ABC News (including Peter Jennings, Sam Donaldson, and Cokie Roberts—now with NPR; however, some journalists, like Ted Koppel of Nightline, have been accused of pandering to corporate guests; John Stossel, however, is quite conservative)

The Age (daily broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne; social democratic; pro-free trade and moderately liberal on social issues; owned by John Fairfax Holdings, which also owns The Sydney Morning Herald; only local competitor is Rupert Murdoch's tabloid paper, Herald Sun)

Agence France-Presse; world's oldest news agency; largest French news agency; third largest news agency in world)

The American Prospect (to the left of The New Republic and to the right of The Nation)

Arizona Republic (used to be conservative but now, under Gannett, more liberal, like USA Today)

The Atlantic Monthly (along with Harper's, one of the "elderly thought magazines"; a magazine that certainly makes you think; some readers say: "Not always liberal, but definitely not conservative"; used to be run by Mortimer Zuckerman)

Baltimore Sun (left-of-center to suit its market audience, even though owned by  Tribune Corporation, publishers of the more conservative Chicago Tribune)

BBC News (including BBC World Service and Panorama)

Berliner Tageblatt (one of leading liberal newspapers in Germany)

Berliner Zeitung (the only East German newspaper to achieve national prominence since unification; after fall of Berlin Wall, bought by Gruner & Jahr and British publisher Robert Maxwell; says its journalists come "from east and west" and now calls itself a "young, modern and dynamic" paper for all of Germany)

Boston Globe (Boston's "newspaper of record"; perhaps the pre-eminent regional daily in US; owned by The New York Times)

Calgary Herald (owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

Le Canard Enchainé (best weekly satire and investigative journalism newspaper in France; similar to Britain's Private Eye)

CBS News (including Dan Rather and 60 Minutes)

CNN (although note that, because of his soft interviewing style, I list the program Larry King Live in the center-right category)

Commonweal (liberal magazine published by lay Catholics)

The Daily Mirror and The Sunday Mirror ("red-top"* tabloids; fierce competitors to The Sun; pro-EU)

Dallas Morning News

Denver Post

Der Standard (daily social liberal newspaper from Vienna)

Detroit Free Press (Knight-Ridder)

Dissent

Le Droit (Ottawa's French language daily newspaper; tabloid; owned by Liberal-supporting Paul Desmarais and Power Corp; federalist as opposed to separatist)

Edmonton Journal (owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

George; (founded by late John F. Kennedy Jr.; folded after his death; was the Vogue of politics; aimed to report on political life without referring to politics)

The (Manchester) Guardian, The (Manchester) Guardian Weekly, and The (Manchester) Observer (broadsheets; liberal democrat; pro-EU—but not uncritical—and anti-American; read by liberal middle class; critical & intellectual reporting; along with The Independent, is the most intellectual of the British dailies; Observer is Sunday-only and is social democratic; according to Guinness Book of World Records, The Observer is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper, having first been published in 1791; George Orwell is one of the many famous writers who have written for The Observer; both papers owned  by a trust rather than a business so isn't as profit-motivated as the other papers, though it does well financially)

Hamilton Spectator (used to be quite conservative, especially when under the Conrad Black newspaper umbrella, but is now owned by the liberal The Toronto Star)

Harper's (along with The Atlantic Monthly, one of the "elderly thought magazines"; usually has a liberal bent, but also publishes pieces from a variety of political spectrums)

Interfax News Agency (main independent Russian news agency; toes the Kremlin line; Moscow; Russia's official news agency is ITAR-TASS)

International Herald Tribune (leading internationally published newspaper; the influential paper takes news stories from The New York Times, Washington Post, and international news agencies; printed in 26 worldwide sites and sells in more than 180 countries; completely owned by The New York Times)

ITAR-TASS (Russia's official news agency; state-owned, like the RIA-Novosti news agency; Russia's main independent news agency is Interfax News Agency—although it tends to toe the Kremlin line as well)

Le Journal de Montréal (tabloid; largest-circulation French newspaper in North America; from Quebecor's Sun Media; similar to the Toronto Sun)

Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service

Komsomolskaya Pravda (Moscow; daily tabloid newspaper; literally, "The Truth for Members of Komsomol"—the now-defunct Communist Union of Youth, the youth wing of the Communist Party; used to be  leading Soviet youth paper; height of its popularity in 1990, when got into the Guinness Book of World Records with a circulation of 22 million; still one of Russia's most widely-read daily newspapers; according to BBC Monitoring, now controlled by tycoon and Kremlin insider, Vladimir Potanin, through Prof-Media)

Krasnaya Zvezda (literally, "Red Star"; daily newspaper from the Russian Defence Ministry)

LA Weekly (owned by The Village Voice)

Libération ("Libé"; founded by Jean-Paul Sartre)

London Review of Books

Le Monde (famous French daily evening paper out of Paris; the "French newspaper of record"; most serious paper; some say centrist)

Le Monde diplomatique (monthly newsmagazine, Paris; aka "Le Diplo"; English version available) contains monthly selections from French daily, Le Monde—which owns 51% of the magazine; sent as a supplement to The Guardian Weekly; from Jacksonprogressive.com: "You will find virtually none of the news reported in Le Monde diplomatique in the newspapers here, either local or national")

Los Angeles Times (historically, has been very left, but now takes on a less liberal tone, perhaps because its new owners are Tribune Media, publishers of the more conservative Chicago Tribune; second-largest US metropolitan daily after The New York Times)

Miami Herald (Knight-Ridder; used to be quite liberal, but now finding itself having to toe the line)

Montreal Gazette (Montreal's main English language newspaper; owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

Moskovsky Komsomolets (daily newspaper out of Moscow combining tabloid content with broadsheet format; well known for high-profile exposés of corruption among senior government officials; youth oriented; believed to support policies of its editor, Moscow's long-serving mayor, Yury Luzhkov)

Moskovskie novosti ("Moscow News"; liberal weekly Russian newspaper; a special English daily version—in collaboration with the online news service Gazeta.ru—as well as an English weekly digest are available)

Bill Moyers (hosted a variety of "deep-think" shows on CBS and PBS; conducts long, in-depth interviews with some of the world's leading intellectuals; on PBS, currently hosts NOW with Bill Moyers)

National Post (under founder Conrad Black, it was Canada's official, national conservative newspaper, designed to compete with the less conservative—or what Black even considered liberal—national newspaper, Globe and Mail; after Black sold it to the Liberal-supporting Asper family and their CanWest Global group, started drifting ever leftward)

NBC News (its ethics suffered a while back when it was learnt that producers of Dateline NBC had staged the explosion of a GM truck for an auto safety report; the NBC News show, Meet the Press, I would put more in the independent column, given its particular format)

The New Republic (New Left magazine; competes with The Nation; strongly intellectual streak; Turnleft.com: "The old standard of liberal periodicals, The New Republic hasn't been really liberal (other than in gay issues) for decades. It is perhaps best described as militantly moderate. Worth reading for some good barbs at conservatives and because it is still one of Washington's most influential periodicals.")

New Statesman (weekly British current affairs magazine; a favourite with middle class liberal intellectuals; socialist; pro-EU)

New York Daily News (tabloid; known as a "picture paper", but also has intelligent features; Mortimer Zuckerman)

(NY) Newswday (daily newspaper out of Long Island, NY; although in tabloid format, it is not sensationalistic like New York Daily News and New York Post and is usually one of the top-10 U.S. papers by circulation; left-of-center to suit its target audience, even though owned by  Tribune Corporation, publishers of the more conservative Chicago Tribune)

Newsweek (newsmagazine, owned by Washington Post; liberal columnists like Anna Quindlen; slightly more liberal than Time; almost center)

Le Nouvel Observateur (French equivalent of Newsweek; socialist inclined)

Orlando Sentinel (left-of-center, even though owned by Tribune Media, publishers of the conservative Chicago Tribune)

Ottawa Citizen (used to be more liberal, but taken more of a right turn under CanWest)

The People (Sunday British tabloid, focussing on celebrities etc)

Philadelphia Daily News (Knight-Ridder; tabloid)

Philadelphia Inquirer (Knight-Ridder; third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the US; more liberal than Philadelphia Daily News)

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh's anti-Scaife newspaper)

La Presse (owned by Liberal-supporting Paul Desmarais and Power Corp; federalist as opposed to separatist)

Private Eye (British magazine of investigative reporting and satire)

The Progressive Populist (twice-monthly populist newspaper)

Psychology Today

Regina Leader-Post (Regina, Saskatchewan; owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

Reuters (commercial news agency)

RIA-Novosti (Russian news agency; state-owned, like ITAR-TASS)

Rolling Stone

Rossiyskaya Gazeta (Russia's official government newspaper; from BBC Monitoring: "Despite its government affiliation, it has been known to voice criticism of ministerial policy. According to surveys quoted on the paper's Internet site, its readers are 'well-balanced adults, inclined to adopt conservative views.'")

Charlie Rose Show (syndicated PBS talk show)

Salon (leftist newsmagazine)

San Jose Mercury News (Knight-Ridder; more centrist than the other SF Bay papers, such as San Francisco Chronicle and San Francisco Examiner)

Saskatoon StarPhoneix (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

Seattle Times

Slate

Sojourners (a "progressive Christian commentary on faith, politics and culture")

Le Droit (Quebec City daily newspaper; owned by Liberal-supporting Paul Desmarais and Power Corp; federalist as opposed to separatist)

Spin (main competitor to Rolling Stone)

St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Stern ("Star"; weekly newsmagazine out of Hamburg—Germany's media capital; Gruner & Jahr; most popular current affairs magazine; what the Germans call eine Illustrierte, meaning has lots of photos; most widely circulated illustrated magazine; a mix between a newsmagazine and an illustrated weekly like Bunte; has managed to survive scandals like the fake Hitler diaries—from which it still hasn't fully recovered)

Sueddeustche zeitung (Germany's largest quality daily broadsheet; one of the big three German newspapers; social liberal; Munich)

The Sydney Morning Herald (one of Australia's most prestigious and important newspapers; owned by John Fairfax Holdings)

Der Tagesspiegel (newspaper from Western Berlin, short distance away from where Berlin Wall used to divide the city; still associated with western half of Berlin; strong on cultural events and reviews)

This Hour Has Seven Days (old news program from CBC; was at one point so controversial that it was cancelled)

Time Magazine (weekly newsmagazine; Time-Warner, which also owns CNN; slightly less liberal than Newsweek; almost center)

Trud (I think it means "labour" or "work"; BBC Monitoring: "Once the official paper of the Soviet trade union movement, the left-leaning Trud devotes much of its coverage to social affairs, and in particular the hardships faced by some of Russia's outlying regions. At one time, the paper was believed to be funded mainly by the gas giant Gazprom, but in August 2003 a large stake was acquired by the Russian bank Promsvyazbank. Editor-in-chief Alexander Potapov said this would not affect editorial policy, adding that Trud would remain 'a healthy, conservative, socially-oriented and non-partisan national newspaper that protects traditional spiritual values.'")

USA Today (Gannett; known as the "McPaper"; largest circulation newspaper in US; largest circulation; The Wall Street Journal, however, is the largest circulation "serious" paper in US—except on Sundays, when The New York Times has the biggest circulation of the serious newspapers at double its own weekday circulation)

Vanity Fair (from Wikipedia: "[A] glossy American glamour magazine monthly that offers a mixture of articles on high-brow culture, jet-set and entertainment-business personalities, politics, and current affairs.")

The Village Voice (competitors in New York City include New York Press and New York Observer; competition from the free New York Press forced it to become free)

Washington Monthly (neo-liberal magazine for "pragmatic liberals")

Washington Post (less left-wing than The New York Times, which is its main rival; sometimes called "Pravda-on-the-Potomac")

Washington Post's National Weekly (news and opinions from the last weeks' Washington Post editions; "Editorially, this paper leans liberal, although they are scrupulously fair from a journalistic standpoint" says TurnLeft.com)

Windsor Star (Windsor, Ontario; owned by Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications)

Winnipeg Free Press (Winnipeg, Manitoba's main daily newspaper; founded 1872, so oldest newspaper in western Canada; main competition is Winnipeg Sun)

Die Zeit ("the time"; out of Hamburg—Germany's media capital; influential, liberal, intellectual German weekly broadsheet newspaper; used to have a North American edition)

Argumenty i Fakty (weekly Russian newspaper; at 2.9 million, highest circulation of any Russian newspaper; in 1990, made Guinness Book of Records as the newspaper with  largest circulation in the world: 33 million; offers political analysis, high-profile interviews, regional supplements, and consumer advice; controlling interest by Russian bank Promsvyazbank; paper says its readers include "working people, businessmen, intellectuals, politicians and managers")

Berliner-Morgenpost (Axel Springer Verlag; daily local newspaper out of Berlin)

Bunte (or Bunte illustrierte: "colorfully illustrated"; Hubert Burda Media; yellow press weekly gossip/celebrity publication that is classier and more sophisticated than many of its competitors; one of Germany's most popular magazines)

CBC News, CBC Newsworld, and CBC Radio (features programs with hosts who are not afraid to question the status quo, including the late Barbara Frum, Wendy Mesley, Marketplace, Man Alive, Rough Cuts, Witness, and the fifth estate)

Christian Science Monitor (large national daily newspaper; secular; doesn't use wire services; instead relies on writers located throughout world; based in Boston)

L'Évenement de Jeudi (weekly newsmagazine from France)

Foreign Affairs (foremost American journal focussing on international relations; articles an important indicator of current line of thinking in U.S. State Department)

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (aka "FAZ"; second largest of the 3 quality daily newspapers in Germany; highly influential national paper; says one of its major goals is to make readers think; although generally center-right (liberal conservative), claims it is not afraid of providing forum for all different political opinions; others have argued that this is one of the most conservative newspapers in the world; very "sober" layout without many pictures; delivered to 148 countries every day; weekly English version: F.A.Z. Weekly)

Frankfurter Neue Presse

Handelsblatt (Germany's business and financial daily newspaper; from Düsseldorf; German equivalent of the The Wall Street Journal)

Gazeta.ru (centrist online news service from Russia; general news)

The (Glasgow) Herald (pro-Labour Party; pro-Scottish Nationalist Party on devolution issues; otherwise neutral)

Hill News (weekly newspaper for and about U.S. Congress; non-partisan, non-ideological;  includes news, campaign information, business and lobbying, political calendar, and living on Capitol Hill)

Itogi (weekly Russian centrist newsmagazine published in cooperation with Newsweek

Izvestia (literally "news"; daily centrist Russian newspaper; considered by many Russia's "newspaper of record"; best source for Russian political news; popular during the Soviet era; wide readership, but especially popular among intellectuals and academics; used to be the newspaper of the Russian government, but now private; controlled by businessman and Kremlin insider, Vladimir Potanin, through Prof-Media—which also owns more leftist Komsomolskaya Pravda; doesn't overtly criticise Putin or Kremlin; from Wikipedia: "While Pravda served as the official mouthpiece of the Communist Party, Izvestia expressed the official views of the Soviet government as published by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ... Initially, the paper expressed Menshevik and SR views ... Izvestia now describes itself as an "all-national" newspaper.")

Al Jazeera (literally, "The Island")

Meet the Press (weekly TV program from NBC News; in a unique format, panel of print journalists interview a political figure; longest-running television show in U.S. broadcast history, having started in 1947)

Metro (free British tabloid; distributed in London Tube; meant to attract young, urban readers; editorially, says it is solidly independent; however, is owned by more conservative Daily Mail group)

The Moscow Times (Russia's leading "daily English-language newspaper featuring objective, reliable news on business, politics and culture in Russia and the former Soviet Union"; published by Dutch company, Independent Media)

New York Observer (weekly newspaper founded 1987; influential, even though has small circulation; often called the paper of the liberal elite, but is generally eclectic in terms of ideology; competitors in New York City include The Village Voice and New York Press)

The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer (evening PBS news program; formerly The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour; from Wikipedia: "Unlike most other evening newscasts in the country, it is an hour in length. The program runs longer segments than most other news outlets in the U.S., with in-depth coverage of the subjects involved. The NewsHour avoids the use of sound bites, playing back extended portions of news conferences and holding interviews that last several minutes. The program was initially hosted by Robert MacNeil and Jim Lehrer, but MacNeil left in 1995 ... Compared with other shows, The NewsHour runs at a slow pace. At the start of the program, a news summary that lasts a few minutes is given, briefly explaining many of the headlines around the world. This is typically followed by three or four longer news segments running 10-15 minutes that explore a few of the headline events in greater detail ... According to Nielsen ratings, ... 2.7 million people watch the program each night, and 8 million individuals watch in the course of a week. It is broadcast on more than 300 PBS stations, reaching 99% of the viewing public ... The program originates in Washington, D.C.")

Novaya Gazeta (liberal Russian newspaper based in Moscow; published twice a week; best known for  investigative journalism; often critical of government; has strongly been against war in Chechnya; especially good at uncovering corruption and abuses of power in Russian armed forces)

NPR (would prefer to remain centrist, but leaning right because of increasing corporate sponsorship; some people call it "National Petroleum Radio")

Le Parisien (French tabloid with populist tendency)

PBS (would like to be independent, but leaning right because of increasing corporate sponsorship; some call it the "Petroleum Broadcasting Network" because a major portion of its funding comes from petroleum companies; programs like Frontline and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer)

Le Progrès (French newspaper from Lyon)

The Scotsman (daily broadsheet newspaper from Edinburgh; owned by David and Frederick Barclay; bought by Canadian millionaire Roy Thompson in 1953 when he was building his media empire; Euroskeptic, but not right-wing)

Le Soir (newspaper from Belgium)

St. Petersburg Times (weekly English-language newspaper from St. Petersburg, Russia; sister paper of The Moscow Times; published by Dutch company, Independent Media)

TVOntario (public educational TV station; programs like Studio 2)

L'Actualité (French weekly Canadian newsmagazine; basically, equivalent of English-language Maclean's)

The (Adelaide) Advertiser (only local daily newspaper in Adelaide, South Australia; used to be center-left, but under ownership of Rupert Murdoch, has become more conservative)

Associated Press (major news agency; world's largest; because of demise of United Press International, this is now the only national news agency in the U.S.)

The Australian (national daily broadsheet newspaper out of Sydney; owned by Rupert Murdoch)

Das Beste (German edition of Reader's Digest; but not just straight translation of English version, because also carries articles from German publications that reflect German culture)

Bild-Zeitung and Bild am Sonntag (aka "Bild": "picture newspaper"; based in Hamburg—Germany's media capital; Axel Springer Verlag; Germany's infamous and best-selling national tabloid newspaper; modelled after British tabloids; quite sleazy and sensationalistic; along with Die Welt, is the best-selling national newspaper in Germany)

Boston Herald (tabloid; Rupert Murdoch; competes with Boston Globe)

Brookings Review (journal from the right-wing neoliberal think-tank, Brookings Institution, published from 1982-2003)

David Brooks (prominent conservative journalist, writing in The Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, Newsweek, and The Atlantic Monthly, as well as a commentator on NPR and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer; used to be a liberal; I should note, though, that I've seen some slightly more liberal articles from him, including "The Organization Kid" in The Atlantic Monthly)

BusinessWeek (magazine from McGraw-Hill, published since 1929)

Chicago Tribune (whose owner, Tribune Corporation, also owns LA Times, (NY) Newsday, and Baltimore Sun, and is closely associated with New York Daily News; self-styled as "The Greatest Newspaper in the World"; leading newspaper of Midwest US; several decades ago, was much more conservative)

Clear Channel Worldwide (operates 1,225 radio stations and has interest in 240 radio stations internationally; banned Howard Stern)

Commentary (neoconservative public affairs journal; from Wikipedia: "It became very prominent during the 1980s for advocating a very harsh stance against the Soviet Union. This view had a great deal of influence on the Reagan administration.")

Cybercast News Service / CNSNews.com (news service launched by the conservative media watchdog, Media Research Center, which states its mission on its website: "[T]o bring balance and responsibility to the news media. Leaders of America's conservative movement have long believed that within the national news media a strident liberal bias existed that influenced the public's understanding of critical issues. On October 1, 1987, a group of young determined conservatives set out to not only prove—through sound scientific research—that liberal bias in the media does exist and undermines traditional American values, but also to neutralize its impact on the American political scene;" sets out to report on stories not reported or underreported by most other mainstream outlets)

Daily Express and Sunday Express (mid-market tabloids; ongoing rivalries with Daily Mail and Sunday Mail; traditionally right-of-center; supported Labour Party in recent election, but now supports Conservative Party; owned by British publisher Richard Desmond; used to be owned by Canadian press baron Lord Beaverbrook; has international version, International Express, which is aimed at British expatriates around the world)

Daily Star (British entertainment-oriented tabloid owned by British publisher Richard Desmond's Daily Express)

The Daily Telegraph (Australia) (owned by Rupert Murdoch; strongly right-wing; similar to—but still not as conservative as—Conrad Black's [now Barclay brothers'] Daily Telegraph in Britain; more sensationalistic than Herald Sun in Melbourne, owned by same company)

The Daily Telegraph (UK) (Conrad Black recent owner, until sold to Barclay brothers; aka "Daily Torygraph"; largest circulation British broadsheet; considered UK's leading conservative broadsheet newspaper; more right-wing than Rupert Murdoch's The Times; pro-American; Euroskeptic; Atlanticist: favours close ties with US rather than EU and strongly supports Israel; good investigative writing)

Denver Rocky Mountain News

The Economist (weekly monetarist British newsmagazine of international affairs and business; targets upscale and influential audience of business and government decision-makers)

Evening Standard (aims for a more urban and younger readership, much like its sister paper, Metro; owned by Daily Mail; used to be owned by Canadian press baron Lord Beaverbrook, who also used to own Daily Express)

L'Express (weekly newsmagazine in France; competes with the socialist-inclined Le Nouvel Observateur)

Financial Times (British daily financial affairs newspaper;  generally balanced coverage, with extensive European coverage; pro-EU)

Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville)

Focus (another very popular German weekly newsmagazine out of Munich; Hubert Burda Media and MSN network; launched in 1993 to compete with the infamous Der Spiegel; although it has smaller circulation than Der Spiegel and is criticised for being the "McDonald's" of German journalism, it forced Der Spiegel to add more color and pictures and shorten its notoriously wordy articles)

Globe and Mail (some say this paper is centrist; whatever the case, it's more conservative than the National Post and most other CanWest papers, which have been moving ever leftward since conservative Conrad Black sold them to the Liberal-supporting Asper family: Calgary Herald, Edmonton Journal, Regina Leader-Post, Saskatoon StarPhoenix, Windsor Star, Ottawa Citizen, and Montreal Gazette; in terms of quality, rivals The Toronto Star; owned by Bell Canada/CTV)

Herald Sun (Australian tabloid newspaper; from Wikipedia: "[L]ike all Murdoch tabloids, supports politically and socially conservative views. Compared to its Sydney stablemate, The Daily Telegraph, it is a little more restrained in its style of reporting, though it is still more populist in its reporting than a typical broadsheet. Media critics, such as the ABC's Media Watch program, have regularly pointed out that like other Murdoch papers it consistently reflects its proprietor's views and commercial interests even where they diverge from the paper's audience. Its major competitor is the social-democratic-leaning broadsheet The Age, which it outsells substantially ... It gives little coverage to political analysis, the mainstay of any broadsheet newspaper; its strengths are its sports reporting and a general lack of pretension.")

Houston Chronicle (Hearst, which has traditionally been conservative, vis William Randolph Hearst; however, the company also owns the liberal Seattle Post-Intelligencer and San Francisco Chronicle to suit its market audience)

Human Events (weekly conservative magazine founded 1944; columnists include Ann Coulter and Robert Novak; was one of Ronald Reagan's favourite magazines)

Indianapolis Star

Kommersant (Moscow; one of Russia's leading business  newspapers; controlled by tycoon Boris Berezovsky; focusses on Russian economic and political life; English version available)

L.A. Examiner (on-again off-again weekly newspaper founded in 2001 that attempted to fill in the conservative—specifically, neoconservative— newspaper gap in L.A. by marketing itself only to L.A.'s wealthiest readers)

Larry King Live (CNN; I'm listing Larry King on the right side because he tends to ask "soft" questions, partly to attain guests that wouldn't otherwise appear on TV interviews; King believes a good interviewer gets the guest to talk about himself, especially in a casual, personal way, and puts himself in the background)

Los Angeles Daily News (conservative newspaper; "pseudo-tabloid of record for  San Fernando Valley"; in addition to L.A. Examiner—and even though it is quite down-market—it is probably LA's only conservative competition against Los Angeles Times [the Orange County Register is the main conservative competitor to the Los Angeles Times, but it is not specific to LA])

Maclean's (weekly Canadian newsmagazine; regarded by many as perhaps the most boring publication in Canada)

The McLaughlin Group (founded by Pat Buchanan [see also here], but also featuring some less conservative hosts, including Lawrence O'Donnell and Clarence Page; John McLaughlin's ONE ON ONE program is a weekly thought-provoking news interview program exploring different topics in depth )

New York Magazine (one of the first "lifestyle" magazines; founded 1968 to compete with The New Yorker; less national news and more gossip; other regional city publications often use it as a model; owned by New York Media Holdings, which is controlled by Wasserstein family trusts)

New York Post (tabloid; Rupert Murdoch; one of the oldest papers still published in the US; city's oldest newspaper; about the 7th largest newspaper in US; known for sensationalism)

New York Press (alternative conservative weekly newspaper competing with The Village Voice; edgier than The Village Voice; although generally conservative, has some very progressive columnists)

New York Sun (general-interest broadsheet newspaper; used to be owned by Conrad Black; well-known for its many conservative writers; the original New York Sun is best known for the editorial "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus"; smarter and more sophisticated than its competitor, New York Post)

News of the World (The Sun's Sunday edition; most widely read Sunday paper in UK; "ultimate scandal mag"; fondness for sex scandals earns it the monikers "Screws of the World" and "News of the Screws"; features roundup of week's events in compact format; owned by Rupert Murdoch; broadly right-of-center; Euroskeptic)

Nezavisimaya Gazeta (newspaper from Moscow; from BBC Monitoring: "[O]ccupies a prominent place at the upmarket end of the Russian press, targeting educated and politically active Russians. Although it has a small circulation, it is regarded as a prestigious platform for politicians, businessmen and academics ... Media analysts believe the paper is controlled by businessman Boris Berezovsky. It can be critical of the Kremlin, and has been known to argue in favour of Russia adopting a more aggressive foreign policy.")

The O'Reilly Factor (FOX News Channel's program hosted by commentator Bill O'Reilly)

Orange County Register (Orange County is generally a very conservative part of California; main competitor to Los Angeles Times)

Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (publisher is reclusive billionaire and philanthropist, the conservative Richard Mellon Scaife)

Le Point (center-right weekly newsmagazine from France; business news provided by BusinessWeek)

Policy Review (neoconservative; one of the world's leading conservative magazines; publishes some of the best conservative intellectual thinking; considered the equivalent of left-wing The New Republic; founded by Heritage Foundation)

Pravda Online (this web-based version often takes a often takes a nationalist—if not jingoistic—approach, while the original, print version of Pravda examines issues from a more leftist perspective; literally, "the truth")

Radio Free Europe (radio and communications organisation designed to disseminate propaganda and used in psychological operations and  warfare; from Wikipedia: "[R]adio and communications organization which is funded by the US Congress. The organization exists in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It broadcasts more than 1,000 hours per week; in 28 languages, via shortwave, AM, FM and the internet. RFE/RL's mission statement is: 'To promote democratic values and institutions by disseminating factual information and ideas.' ... The organization received its funds from the US Congress and until 1971 the monies were passed to RFE through the CIA. The broadcasts were part of a general CIA psychological warfare campaign directed behind the Iron Curtain. The CIA created general guidelines and had daily input into the handling of news items ... Soviet authorities regularly attempted to jam RFE/RL broadcasts and these efforts did not end until 1988 ... The collapse of the Soviet Union reduced the budget for RFE and its headquarters were moved to Prague in 1995 and European operations were curtailed. However operations were expanded elsewhere, in 1994 Radio Free Iraq was started as well as a Persian service and in 1997 in Kosovo. New services are also intended for Afghanistan and further into northern Asia.")

Reader's Digest (for many decades was, according to National Review, a "platform for conservative ideas"; but now it is somewhat more balanced, although still on the conservative side)

Reason (generally libertarian, but on the conservative side; published by Reason Foundation; "Reason is the monthly print magazine of free minds and free markets ...  Reason provides a refreshing alternative ... by making a principled case for liberty and individual choice in all areas of human activity.")

John Stossel (reporter with ABC's 20/20 and host of John Stossel Specials; one of the few libertarians in mainstream media)

The Sun ("red-top"* British tabloid; largest circulation newspaper in English-speaking world; fierce competitor to The Daily Mirror; the most vulgar of the British tabloids; somewhere between neoconservative and right-wing; anti-European; however, after suspicious talks with Tony Blair after the 1997 general election, the Murdoch-owned newspaper switched support to Labour Party)

The Tampa Tribune

The Times and The Sunday Times (Rupert Murdoch; the other major right-of-center broadsheet newspaper in the UK; for much of its history, regarded as the official "newspaper of record"; aims for slightly more educated audience than The Daily Telegraph; the most serious-minded newspaper of the British establishment; more centrist than The Daily Telegraph; Euroskeptic)

Times Literary Supplement

Vancouver Sun and The Province (although owned by the Liberal-supporting Asper family's CanWest Global Communications, it is more conservative than the company's other papers because it is also supportive of its current neoconservative provincial government)

The Wall Street Journal (largest circulation "serious" paper in US—except on Sundays, when The New York Times has the biggest circulation of the serious newspapers at double its own weekday circulation [USA Today has the largest circulation of any US paper, but is generally less serious than The WSJ]; neoconservative)

The Weekly Standard (Rupert Murdoch; premier neoconservative magazine; very popular with administration of George W. Bush; founded by William Kristol; main competitor is the more conservative National Review magazine)

The American Conservative (launched and edited by Pat Buchanan [see also here]; reflects Old Right themes and is critical of neoconservatism)

The American Spectator (muckraking conservative magazine)

Chicago Sun-Times (tabloid newspaper similar to New York Post; owned by Conrad Black's Hollinger; along with The Jerusalem Post, this is Hollinger's last remaining major newspaper)

Daily Mail and The Mail on Sunday (mid-market tabloids aimed at women; most right-wing of the mainstream British papers; strongly Euroskeptic; competes with Daily Express, which has been trying to reinvent itself as more serious and thoughtful)

Detroit News (Gannett)

Die Welt and Welt am Sonntag (right-wing heavyweight from Berlin; along with Bild, it is the best-selling national newspaper in Germany, but more upmarket compared to Bild, which is more mass-market; is main quality paper of Axel Springer Verlag, which also owns Bild)

Drudge Report

Edmonton Sun (daily tabloid newspaper from Quebecor's Sun Media)

FOX News Channel

Insight on the News (national weekly newsmagazine from Washington, D.C.; owned by The Washington Times, which is owned by Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church; magazine says: "As Newsweek is the sister newsweekly of the liberal Washington Post newspaper, Insight is the sister newsweekly of the conservative Washington Times newspaper.")

Le Figaro (one of France's leading newspapers; most respected conservative newspaper in French)

London Free Press (largest newspaper in Southwestern Ontario outside of Toronto, and Western Ontario's main regional newspaper; owned by Quebecor's Sun Media; broadsheet, unlike Sun Media's other papers)

National Review (very influential conservative magazine founded by William F. Buckley, Jr; main competitor is The Weekly Standard)

NewsMax (claims to be a "leading conservative news source providing an Internet alternative to the liberal mainstream media"; features special section on media bias)

Ottawa Sun (daily tabloid newspaper from Quebecor's Sun Media)

The San Diego Union-Tribune

Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, and Utah in general, is quite conservative; founded as the Mormon Tribune by group of Mormon businessmen who disagreed with the political and economic positions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

The Spectator (weekly current affairs magazine in UK; like The Daily Telegraph, is Atlanticist, favouring close ties with the US rather than with the EU, and strongly supportive of Israel; used to be owned by Conrad Black, until sold to the Barclay brothers; claims to be the oldest continually published magazine in the English language)

Toronto Sun (daily tabloid newspaper; aside from the less conservative—some even say centristGlobe and Mail, this is probably the only conservative option in the Toronto region; in fact, Quebecor's Sun Media, the paper's owner, probably provides the only conservative competition in each of Canada's major cities; equivalent in editorial position and style to something like New York Post)

Union- Leader of Manchester (Manchester, New Hampshire; one of the most conservative newspapers in the US)

U.S. News & World Report (Mortimer Zuckerman; more conservative than its main competitors, Newsweek and Time)

The Washington Times (generally considered the most right-wing US newspaper; some call it the "Moonie Times", after its owner, Reverend Sun Myung Moon and his Unification Church)

Winnipeg Sun (daily tabloid newspaper from Winnipeg, Manitoba; Quebecor's Sun Media; main competition is Winnipeg Free Press)

World (high profile conservative Christian news/social issues magazine)

World and I (monthly current events magazine published by The Washington Times)

WorldNetDaily (conservative, Christian-oriented news service; news with an emphasis on investigative reports and conservative commentary)

Zavtra (daily far-right Russian newspaper)

* "Red-top" tabloids are the popular British tabloids named after their eye-catching red titles. These tabloids tend to be more sensationalistic than the other papers.

"Mid-market" tabloids are a step above the "sleazier" tabloids, but not as respectable as some of the higher-tier tabloids which focus more on hard news stories and not on celebrities, gossip, etc (but nevertheless, by newspaper standards, all tabloids are still generally of lower standard than broadsheets).

¥Eric Alterman, writing in The Nation magazine, described this publication as follows:

Reader for reader, it may be the most influential publication in America. Their circulation may be small but they are not interested in speaking to the great unwashed. The magazine speaks directly to and for power. Anybody who wants to know what this administration is thinking and what they plan to do has to read this magazine." (Quoted in International Herald Tribune 12 March 2003: When this weekly speaks, White House listens, by David Carr of The New York Times)


Note from Norman Solomon

An American perspective on the differences between American and British media

http://lists.stir.ac.uk/pipermail/media-watch/2003-June/000708.html

Delivered-To: <prwatch-prwatch:org-editor at prwatch.org>
Reply-To: "Norman Solomon" <mediabeat at igc.org>
From: "Norman Solomon" <mediabeat at igc.org>
To: <mediabeat at igc.org>
Subject: Not Quite a Parallel Media Universe Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2003 06:27:06 -0700

Note: Hyperlinks are my own.

BRITAIN—NOT QUITE A PARALLEL MEDIA UNIVERSE

By Norman Solomon / Creators Syndicate

LONDON—The people of Britain and the United States are living in parallel, yet substantively different, media universes. Bonds of language and overlaps of mass culture are obvious. But a visit to London quickly illuminates the reality that mainstream journalism is much less narrow here than in America.

One indicator of a robust press: Nearly a dozen ideologically diverse national daily papers are competing on British newsstands.

Granted, the picture isn't all rosy. Tabloids feature lurid crime headlines and include exploitative photos of bare breasted women. Several major newspapers reflect the distorting effects of right-wing owners like Rupert Murdoch (who has succeeded in foisting the execrable Fox News on the United States). And the circulation figures of Britain's dailies show that the size of press runs is inversely proportional to journalistic quality, with The Sun at 3.5 million and The Daily Mail at 2.3 million—in contrast to two superb dailies, The Guardian (381,000) and The Independent (186,000).

Yet the impacts of The Guardian and The Independent, along with The Observer on Sunday, are much greater than their circulations might suggest. They're unabashed progressive newspapers that combine often-exemplary journalism with a willingness to take on the powers that be. Those papers function with vitality in news reporting—and left-oriented political commentary—that cannot be consistently found in a single U.S. daily newspaper. Overall, in British newsprint, the spectrum of thought ranges so wide that a progressive-minded American might be tempted to take up residence here.

In comparison, the leading "liberal" dailies across the Atlantic—The New York Times and The Washington Post—are mouthpieces of corporate power and U.S. empire. If The Times and The Post were being published in London, then British readers would consider those newspapers to be centrist or even conservative.

The airwaves are also very different. The British Broadcasting Corp. has been faulted by some media critics for filtering out anti-war voices during the invasion of Iraq in early spring. But the baseline of the BBC's usual reportage compares very favorably to what's on U.S. networks, including such public TV and radio mainstays as PBS and NPR.

The BBC is audibly far more interested in a wide range of information, ideas and debate. Its director general, Greg Dyke, was on the mark when he commented several weeks ago: "Compared to the United States, we see impartiality as giving a range of views, including those critical of our own government's position." He'd recently visited the United States and was "amazed by how many people just came up to me and said they were following the war on the BBC because they no longer trusted the American electronic news media."

Dyke commented: "Personally, I was shocked while in the United States by how unquestioning the broadcast news media was during this war." And he added: "For the health of our democracy, it's vital we don't follow the path of many American networks."

Arriving in London early this month, I was immediately struck by the difference in Britain's political atmosphere. Many politicians, reporters and commentators were putting the heat on Tony Blair, spotlighting the weighty new evidence that he'd lied to the public with his adamant claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. He is clearly in big political trouble—unlike George W. Bush.

Back home in the USA, while several syndicated columnists at major newspapers have been raking Bush over the coals on this issue, no one can accurately claim that Bush is on the political ropes. A key factor is that few Democrats on Capitol Hill are willing to go for the political jugular against this deceitful president. But Blair's troubles and Bush's Teflon owe a lot to the different media environments of the two countries.

A variety of British outlets are vehemently refusing to let Blair off the hook. This is the result of a gradual and constructive shift in British media culture over the past quarter century. Deference to the prime minister has evolved into properly aggressive reporting. With journalists asking tough questions and demanding better answers, Blair now faces some rough treatment—in print and on the airwaves.

The willingness of news media to challenge leaders is a vital sign of democracy. But overall, in the United States, the pulse is weak.
 

Norman Solomon is co-author of "Target Iraq: What the News Media Didn't Tell You." For an excerpt and other information, go to: www.contextbooks.com/new.html#target.

§

Note from Ben H. Bagdikian

From The Media Monopoly

by Ben H. Bagdikian

Part 11—Mass Media Without Masses

Besides producing greater emphasis on soft content detached from serious news, the concentrated corporate control of [the media] ... also strained out extreme political writing... Newspapers began carrying a variety of political columns, but none, right or left, strayed very far from centrist positions and none was permitted to stress anticorporate ideas. It was a clear demonstration of neutralizing the news to make papers more efficient carriers of advertising. But it produced social sterility and silence on fundamental forces behind major news events.
 

§

Note from Dawn McMullan

Conservative dad, liberal daughter both hate media bias

From Dallas Morning News

23 August 2004

Dawn McMullan proposes looking at the United States as a map of NPR states and Fox News states. She writes: "In Europe, newspapers are commonly marketed as liberal or conservative. They don't try to hide it, making no pretense of neutrality. Maybe the Europeans—and, I hate to say this, conservative talk radio—have the right idea. Which is worse: bias as bias or bias masquerading as even-handedness?"

Copyright © 2004, by Eddy M. Elmer

Permanent URL: http://www.eddyelmer.com/tools/newspaper_editorial_positions.htm